Avian Influenza is a viral infection that primarily affects birds, particularly poultry. It is characterized by symptoms such as respiratory distress, decreased egg production, and high mortality rates in severe cases. This disease is significant in the poultry industry due to its potential for causing substantial economic losses and affecting public health, especially when strains that can infect humans emerge.
In contrast, the other diseases listed are specific to different animal species. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy is a disease that affects cattle, characterized by neurological symptoms, and has been linked to "mad cow disease." Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects cloven-hoofed animals like cattle, sheep, and pigs. Canine Parvovirus is a serious viral illness that affects dogs, leading to severe gastrointestinal disease. Each of these diseases targets specific animal groups and does not pose a direct threat to poultry, making Avian Influenza the correct choice for a common disease found in poultry.