What is the role of hormones in animal reproduction?

Hormones play a crucial role in animal reproduction by regulating reproductive cycles and lactation. They are chemical messengers produced by various glands in the body, and they influence the development and functioning of reproductive organs, control the timing of mating and breeding, and manage the physiological processes that prepare an animal for reproduction.

For instance, hormones such as estrogen and progesterone are essential in the estrous cycle, which governs when female animals are receptive to mating. In addition, oxytocin is involved in stimulating milk ejection during lactation, ensuring that newborns receive the necessary nutrients. Hormonal balance is vital, as any disruption can lead to reproductive issues, infertility, or problems with milk production.

The other options touch on functions that are important to animal health and productivity but are not directly related to reproduction. For example, while hormones do influence growth rates and can affect feed intake, these processes are more about overall health and metabolic efficiency rather than the specific roles hormones play in reproduction.